what is the radius of the earth in meters what is the radius of the earth in meters

As the parallels run east and west, places having the same latitude will be due east or due west of each other. An Enormous, Unknown Cambrian Bug Fossil Has Been Discovered within the Eerie Burgess Shale, Ancient Tracks May Be The Oldest Hominin Footprints Ever Found, Scientists Say, By 2500, Earth Will Be Alien To Humans If We Dont Act Now, Scientists Warn, Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy, Topics Related to Circumference of the Earth. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. How to Calculate the Circumference of the Earth? About Earth radiusThe Earth radius, or even the radius of the world, may be the distance from the middle of our planet towards the surface. A sphere being a gross approximation of the spheroid, which itself is an approximation of the geoid, units are given here in kilometers rather than the millimeter resolution appropriate for geodesy. b : the third and usually largest vein of an insects wing. Ocean Worlds Resources. However, Earth is not quite a sphere. The circumference of the Earth depends on how it is measured. The size of a frictional force is given by F, start subscript, f, end subscript, is less than or equal to, mu, R,FfR where R is the magnitude of the normal reaction force between the two surfaces and is the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces. Earth radius Conversion conversion table Earth radius to Meters Conversion Table Meters [ m ] So, its circumference varies depending on how you calculate it. 6378 X 2 = 12 756 km. [6] It is an idealized surface, and the Earth measurements used to calculate it have an uncertainty of 2m in both the equatorial and polar dimensions. Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. Since Earth is roughly spherical, calculating its volume is relatively simple. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. radius of earth in meters scientific notation, Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter, What Is Radius Of Gyration In Civil Engineering, High Definition 3D Printer Prints 5 Meters per Second, Most Precise Measurement Ever from the Radius of the Planet Outdoors Our Solar System, Scientists Uncover How Quickly-Flying Bats Can Achieve Great Heights well over 1,600 Meters, What Is The Ploidy Of This Cell Model Mastering Biology, Do The Laws Of Thermodynamics Apply In Space, How To Change Google Earth Language To English, Worlds greatest-dwelling squid spotted 20,000 ft underneath the ocean, Hatches Open! The equatorial circumference is simply the circle perimeter: Ce=2a, in terms of the equatorial radius, a. Point on the ellipsoid surface can be defined by the parametric curve equation. Q. This video will show you how Eratosthenes calculated the circumference and radius of the Earth in 240 BC!! = Now we know 1km=1000m 5. Additionally, the bulge at the equator shows slow variations. By 1490, Christopher Colombus believed that traveling 3,000 miles west from the west coast of the Iberian peninsula would let him reach the eastern coasts of Asia. The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. Its volume is 803.84 cubic meters. It does not store any personal data. Now, lets plug in some numbers. Where R is the radius of the Earth. Q4. He also shares personal stories and insights from his own journey as a scientist and researcher. Who first calculated the radius of the earth? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. {\displaystyle p=N\cos(\varphi )} By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Earths radius is usually given as 6378137 meters (equatorial radius), its flattening is defined as 1/298.257223 (WGS84), and thus its polar radius is calculated as 6356752 meters.However, the av. (a) To what radius (in meters) would the earth have to be compressed in order for it to become a black holethe escape velocity from its surface equal to the velocity c = 3 \times 10 ^ { 8 } \mathrm { m } / \mathrm { s } c = 3108m/s of light? The radius of orbit indicates the distance that the satellite is from the center of the earth. Copyright 2022 - Science-Atlas.com. How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? He was the first one to use the word geography and he also had a small-scale notion of the planet that helped him to determine the circumference of the earth. {\displaystyle F=f=0} Surface Gravity Metric: 9.80665 m/s 2 English: 32.041 ft/s 2 Escape Velocity Metric: 40,284 km/h English: 25,031 mph Scientific Notation: 1.119 x 10 4 m/s Sidereal Rotation Period 0.99726968 Earth Days 23.934 Hours Surface Temperature Metric: -88/58 (min/max) C English: -126/136 (min/max) F Scientific Notation: 185/331 (min/max) K earthRadius In general, this points to an important conclusion about nature itself. At the equator, = 0 and this arc length = 111.32 km, nearly. Scholars have interpreted Aristotle's figure to be anywhere from highly accurate[20] to almost double the true value. High School Students Measure New Value for Earths Radius to Celebrate World Physics Year. Your email address will not be published. He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. As an example, we will use Eratosthenes situation. Its SIunit is m/s2. R Refer to the WGS-84 ellipsoid if a more precise value for its polar radius is needed. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. [7] Additional discrepancies caused by topographical variation at specific locations can be significant. . What is the number in scientific notation? His highly influential work, the Almagest,[26] left no doubt among medieval scholars that Earth is spherical, but they were wrong about its size. [27] However, the 1492 enactment of that voyage brought his fleet to the Americas. You need to ask yourself questions and then do problems to answer those questions. Compute the circumference of the Earth using the distance and angle measurements you have. Thus, the radius of the earth in meters in scientific notation is 6.371106m. Like a torus, the curvature at a point will be greatest (tightest) in one direction (northsouth on Earth) and smallest (flattest) perpendicularly (eastwest). r This astronomical observation was confirmed by general observations made at sea. Then convert km - m. 1 km = 1000 m. 12 756 km = ? Lunar night time is also about two weeks long, during which the moon's temperature plummets to -208 degrees F (-130 C, 140 K) according to NASA. It does not store any personal data. However, around 1730, Jacques Cassini argued for a prolate spheroid instead, due to different interpretations of the Newtonian mechanics involved. It is 6356. We invite readers to visit us daily, explore topics of interest, and gain new perspectives along the way. cos Earths circumference is the distance around Earth. {\displaystyle n={\frac {N}{|N|}}} y The radius of a circle is the straight-line distance from the very center of the circle to any point on the circle. According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, Measure the Earth with Shadows, the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. These values correspond to the zero Earth tide convention. The diameter is the distance from side to side, if you. According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, "Measure the Earth with Shadows", the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. How many meters is the earth? Exponential or Scientific Notation: It is easier to write very large numbers such as 100,000,000 as 10 8 (1 followed by 8 0s). By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. Its mean density is 1410 kg/m 3 or 0.255 times the mean density of Earth. Solution for the radious of earth is 6378.1 km, which is 2981.1 km greater than the radius of mars. The physical radius, the distance from the center of the earth to the ellipsoid is the least used. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. | 1. A) 4.5 x 10-7 B) 4.5 x 107 C) 45 x 10-6 D) 45 x 106 Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, where he conducted research on particle physics and cosmology. [2], For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,371.0008km (3,958.7564mi).[13]. The bulge had been decreasing, but since 1998 the bulge has increased, possibly due to redistribution of ocean mass via currents. The IUGG denotes the volumetric radius as R3. . The recent Juno mission launched with the goal of examining Jupiters composition and underlying structure, the wikipedia article on the Juno spacecraft provides an a great overview of this type of process. {\displaystyle r} Thus the curvature found this way is smaller than the curvature of a circle of constant latitude, except at the equator. The planet bulges at the equator as a result of its rotation. w You must measure the angle of shadows in the two locations at the exact same time on the exact same day or the calculations will be erroneous. The height above sea level of the location is added. [ The mathematical expressions above apply over the top of ellipsoid. arrow_forward. 137 km (3963. That's almost 32 Earths. For Eratosthenes, at midday on the summer solstice where the suns angle was directly overhead, the angle was zero. The answer would be 695 500 000 m. Wiki User. example R = earthRadius (lengthUnit) returns the mean radius of the Earth using the length unit specified by lengthUnit. N Could E.T. When it is measured around the equator, it is40,075 km (approximately, 24,901 miles), whereas, if it measured from the north pole to the south pole it is40,008 km (approximately, 24,860 miles). The mathematical expressions above apply over the surface of the ellipsoid. Step 3 of 5. If one point had appeared due east of the other, one finds the approximate curvature in the eastwest direction. Answer (1 of 3): First of all let us consider the shape of the earth to be a sphere. The first, titled Arturo Xuncax, is set in an Indian village in Guatemala. So if you measure at 11:00am in New York, they should measure at 9:00am in Colorado because of the time difference. p Although the precise strength of Earth's gravity varies depending on location, the nominal "average" value at the Earth's surface, known as standard gravity is, by definition, 9.80665 m/s 2 (32.1737 ft/s 2 ). Q. to the plane tangent at What is the number in scientific notation? are tangents to the surface. . Eratosthenes methods result in a formula that would look like this: 39,350 = 2 x 3.14 x r, or 6,267 kilometers. How did we determine the size of the Earth? This answer is: Wittenberg is a nationally ranked liberal arts institution with a particular strength in the sciences. Instant free online tool for Earths equatorial radius to meter conversion or vice versa. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. So escape velocity of the planet will be 22.4 km/sec Our descriptions of Earth's surface must be simpler than reality in order to be tractable. What is the radius of Earth in gravitation? ( Image credit: Ayhan Altun) There are nearly 8 billion people (opens in new tab) living on Earth today, but our planet wasnt always so crowded. What happens to the dry ice at room pressure and temperature? The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earthis represented by the letter g. \text{Circumference} = 39,350 \text{\ kilometers}. The radius R of a nucleus of mass number A can be estimated by the formula R = (1.3 1015)A 1/3 m. The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. You can do this, too, by using his method. nasa.gov. (clarification needed). What is the radius of Earth in exponential form? [f], This Earth's prime-vertical radius of curvature, also called the Earth's transverse radius of curvature, is defined perpendicular (orthogonal) to M at geodetic latitude is:[g], N can also be interpreted geometrically as the normal distance from the ellipsoid surface to the polar axis. According to Newtons second law of motion, the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on it divided by its mass, or a = F m . Earth Radius by Latitude Calculator Calculates radius and diameter of the Earth for a given latitude. Surveyors today use a variety of instruments and calculations to determine the size of the Earth and collect other relevant data. r You need to solve physics problems. NASA Telescope Takes 12-Year Time-Lapse Movie of Entire Sky. However, Earth is not quite a sphere. Find the volume of Earth in cubic meters. Testing, Testing: Space-Bound US-European Water Mission Passes Finals. Putting in the numbers, you have Dividing both sides by m1 gives you the acceleration due to gravity: Newton's law of gravitation gives you the acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the Earth: 9.8 meters/second 2. arrow_forward. At the equator, the radius of Earth is 3963 miles (Diameter = 7926 miles). find the radius of mars. R = earthRadius returns the scalar value 6,371,000, the mean radius of the Earth in meters. The model is rotated in a wind tunnel at a rotational speed of 500 rev/minrev/min. p {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial r}{\partial \lambda }}} , and because This length is also used as a unit of distance, especially in astronomy and geology, where it is usually denoted by R. Drive one of the meter sticks into the ground in your location in a sunny spot. Let the mass of the earth be M and radius of the earth be R, The distance of the body from the center of the earth will also be equal to the radius R of the earth. A rough, general figure for the Earths mean orbital speed is 30 kilometers per second (km/s), or 18 miles per second (mi/s). Use a scientific calculator. This implies that for a given mass and velocity, a large centripetal force causes a small radius of curvaturethat is, a tight curve, as in (Figure). View this answer. The actual radius of the earth is 6,378.1 kilometers at the equator, but the radius varies because the earth is a somewhat flattened sphere. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {eE} }^{\mathrm {N} }} The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. Facts about the earth Since the earth is a sphere, we can measure its diameter and radius. All Right Reserved. Hence the required distance is. Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, a = 6,378.137 km and b = 6,356.7523142km, V = 1.083211012km3 (2.59881011cumi). Make sure both sticks are perpendicular to the Earth and that the same length of stick protrudes from the ground. = Last edited on 10 February 2023, at 21:43, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes, Satellites Reveal A Mystery Of Large Change In Earth's Gravity Field, NASA's Grace Finds Greenland Melting Faster, 'Sees' Sumatra Quake, "Discover-TheWorld.com Guam POINTS OF INTEREST Don't Miss Mariana Trench", "Mean radius, mass, and inertia for reference Earth models", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Earth_radius&oldid=1138658294, WGS-84 ellipsoid, polar radius of curvature (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Mean radius of semi-axes (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Radius of Sphere of Equal Area (, WGS-84 ellipsoid, Radius of Sphere of Equal Volume (, meridional radius of curvature at the equator, This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 21:43. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. (a) Local topography increases the variance, resulting in a surface of profound complexity. For this calculation, the longitude isn't needed. The first and second radii of curvature correspond, respectively, to the Earth's meridional and prime-vertical radii of curvature. The standard English name of the planet, including in science, is Earth. The extrema geocentric radii on the ellipsoid coincide with the equatorial and polar radii. ] | The first person to determine the size of Earth was Eratosthenes of Cyrene, who produced a surprisingly good measurement using a simple scheme that combined geometrical calculations with physical observations. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! The Magellan expedition (15191522), which was the first circumnavigation of the World, soundly demonstrated the sphericity of the Earth,[28] and affirmed the original measurement of 40,000km (25,000mi) by Eratosthenes. Using the curvature of the Earth relative to the parallel light from the sun, we can observe shadows at different locations on the surface of the Earth to find the Earths radius. We must convert the radius into centimeters: R Moon = 1738 km X (1000m / km) X (100cm / m) = 1.738 X 10 8 cm. Oceanic crust is denser and thinner and mainly composed of basalt. = The radius of a parallel of latitude is given by Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. {\displaystyle r=[r^{1},r^{2},r^{3}]^{T}=[x,y,z]^{T}} How do you solve for radius and diameter? r Geometrically, the second fundamental form gives the distance from Its measured round the Equator and round the rods that provide different values. The typical radius of the world is roughly 6. Record the distance between your location and your partners location. {\displaystyle K} Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Example 2. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. (8,849 meters), but it is not the highest point on Earth that is, the place most distant from the . Using the mathematical formula for calculating the volume of a sphere, it has been estimated that the volume of Earth is roughly 259 billion cubic miles. When we rearrange the equation and plug all the numbers in, we find that the mass of the Earth is 5.96 1024 kg. Solution Verified Record the measurements. This difference is the geoid height, positive above or outside the ellipsoid, negative below or inside. = , Asteroids range in size from Vesta - the largest at about 329 miles (530 kilometers) in diameter - to bodies that are less than 33 feet (10 meters) across. R=6370 3. Now that the radius of orbit has been found, the height above the earth can be calculated. Additionally, the radius can be estimated from the curvature of the Earth at a point. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. r F It is the smallest planet in the Solar System, with an equatorial radius of 2,439.7 km. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Because these measurements are not done with more sensitive equipment, the radius calculation will be only approximate. {\displaystyle w^{1}=\varphi } Equatorial radius a (called semi-major axis), and polar radius b (called semi-minor axis); a and eccentricity e; a and flattening f. WGS 84 defines ellipsoid parameters as: Semi-major axis a = 6378137.0 meters. In particular, the Earth's meridional radius of curvature (in the northsouth direction) at is: where Examples collapse all Earth Radius in Meters View the mean radius of the Earth using the default units, meters. According to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth's radius at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers). The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. The one exception: The flattening in the original definition of WGS84 was a calculated value, based on the Earths second dynamic form factor as determined from satellite orbits ($\bar C_{2,0}$ in WGS84, $J_2$ in GRS80). How far (in meter) does it travel in the first 3 seconds? After many, many years, you will have some intuition for the physics you studied. Circumference of Earth is the length or the distance around the Earth. For best results, the minimum radius of the geofence should be set between 100 - 150 meters. Multiplyin. Regardless of the model, any radius falls between the polar minimum of about 6,357km and the equatorial maximum of about 6,378km (3,950 to 3,963mi). We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. is normal to the surface at w Definitions and Formulas. . MITs Alan , In 2020, as a response to the disruption caused by COVID-19, the College Board modified the AP exams so they were shorter, administered online, covered less material, and had a different format than previous tests. How do you find the acceleration of a system? 2. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The radius is more like 6,371 kilometers at the north and south poles. What is the scientific name for Earth? A body on the surface of a planet with the same radius as Earth's weighs 10 times more than it does on Earth. mpanderla95. Let us calculate area of earth using this formula area=4x22/76370= 5.110 4. What is the formula of radius of nucleus? These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The average radius of the earth is 6.38x106 meters. A few definitions yield values outside the range between polar radius and equatorial radius because they include local or geoidal topography or because they depend on abstract geometrical considerations. Literature guides . T It is with the values I gave you. K 6,371,000 metersThe value, symbolized rearth, is equal to approximately 6,371,000 meters (6.371 x 106 m). You have to use the distance from the center of the Earth, not the distance above Earth's surface, as the radius. When he's not busy exploring the mysteries of the universe, George enjoys hiking and spending time with his family. Venus is covered by a thick, rapidly spinning atmosphere, creating a scorched world with temperatures hot enough to melt lead and a surface pressure 90 times that of Earth. As , EL NORTE is a melodrama divided into three acts. The oblateness constant q is given by, where is the angular frequency, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet. r d Hence, the Earth deviates from a perfect sphere by only a third of a percent, which supports the spherical model in most contexts and justifies the term "radius of the Earth". , Earth radius is the distance from Earth's center to its surface, about 6,371 km (3,959 mi). = A The radius of the earth is the straight distance from the earth's center to a point on its surface. There are two types of crust; oceanic and continental. What physical measurement / elevation is used to define Earths radius? The distance between locations are also part of the total circumference of the Earth. A consequence is that a distance to the true horizon at the equator is slightly shorter in the northsouth direction than in the eastwest direction. is the unit normal to the surface at E The Bohr model of the atom predicted the radius of the lowest-energy electron orbit. When identifying the position of an observable location, the use of more precise values for WGS-84 radii may not yield a corresponding improvement in accuracy. Its nice to determine that measurements taken by a lot of groups, sometimes in under ideal conditions, came so near to the right answer. The distance between Syene and Alexandria is 787 kilometers, Eratosthenes used the ancient Greek measurement of stadia, but his calculations use the proportionality of angles between two locations, so any system of measurement will work. By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. In Eratosthenes case, the distance was 787 kilometers, so for him, the following relation applied: where x = the circumference of the Earth in kilometers. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! Acceleration due to gravity is a vector, which means it has both a magnitudeand a direction. This requires an elliptic integral to find, given the polar and equatorial radii: The rectifying radius is equivalent to the meridional mean, which is defined as the average value of M:[14]. [2] All three values are about 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi). How do you find the radius of a gravitational field? In summary, local variations in terrain prevent defining a single "precise" radius. [e] For the Earth .mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{border-top:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1/q 289, which is close to the measured inverse flattening 1/f 298.257. Reviving Erastosthenes, 2022-year-old experiment using the angle of the sun to measure the radius of the Earth. Learn what is circumference of a sphere, how to calculate the circumference of the Earth with the help of solved examples. He observed lunar eclipses and noticed that only a round sphere could imply a circular shadow. Earth's polar radius is 3950 miles (Diameter = 7900 miles). m. The corresponding radius of curvature depends on the location and direction of measurement from that point. EARTH RADIUS meaning & explanation. [29] To settle the matter, the French Geodesic Mission (17351739) measured one degree of latitude at two locations, one near the Arctic Circle and the other near the equator. Now we know 2 things- 1. \text {Circumference} = 39,350 \text {\ kilometers} Circumference = 39,350 kilometers. A Just how much is really a trillion in scientific notation? Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. Also, explore tools to convert Earths equatorial radius or meter to other length units or learn more about length conversions. ( The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Eastwest directions can be misleading. View a sample solution. Similarly very small numbers are written using negative exponents, e. The very first printed mention of Earths size made an appearance around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in the book Around the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had suspected the circumference of the world to become 400,000 stadia. What is the mass of this planet in terms of Earth's mass? Estimates of the accuracy of Eratosthenes's measurement range from 0.5% to 17%. {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial r}{\partial \varphi }}} However, for purposes of uniformity and use in geophysics and astronomy, the nominal earth radius is used, which is about 6, 371 km. The first published reference to the Earths size appeared around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in his book On the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had guessed the circumference of the Earth to be 400,000 stadia.