Starting tellers at a Chase Bank make a reported $36,100 per year and are in a position that has repeated tasks and may not be the most rewarding from a motivational point of view. e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The content theories of motivation include all of the following EXCEPT: a. hierarchy of needs theory. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. e) relatedness, According to McClelland, it is __________. b) possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. d) The presence of motivator factors in a job contributes to a person's job performance. Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? Intense forms of dissatisfaction distract employees from important work-related activities and tend to be demotivating.16 Thus, managers should make sure that such basic needs as adequate pay, safe and clean working conditions, and opportunities for social interaction are met. c. contingency. e) base wage or salary. b) self esteem 2016. How Companies Can Tap Sustainability to Motivate Staff. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-companies-tap-sustainability-to-motivate-staff/, Mulvey, Kelsey. d) interactional justice Maslows theory differs from others that preceded it because of this hierarchical, prepotency concept. There are no higher levels in the pyramid, because self-actualization needs can never be fully satisfied. Extrinsic motivation increases as intrinsic motivation decreases! To assist an object in danger. One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. e) Physiological. d) understand individual employee needs and create work environments that respond to them. e) Organizational justice, According to expectancy theory, the value the individual attaches to various work outcomes is known as __________. Job context factors include all of the following except. Barton, Tynan. b) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. b) Instrumentality Although the New Yorkbased company is still growing, as of October 2017 Bombas had donated more than four million pairs of socks (Bombas 2017). c) supervision. e. acquired-needs theory. trade accounts from customers prepaid expenses cash on hand loan. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth b) sense of achievement. According to CB Bhattacharya, the Pietro Ferrero Chair in Sustainability at ESMT European School of Management and Technology in Berlin, Germany, employment engagement, or how positive employees feel about their current job, was at an all-time low globally in 2016: 13 percent. McClellands research is important because much of current thinking about organizational behavior is based on it. c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety That is, SDT posits that extrinsic rewards not only do not provide intrinsic motivation, they diminish it. a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. Our needs for food and water are instinctive. c) reinforcers c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. A latent need cannot be inferred from a persons behavior at a given time, yet the person may still possess that need. e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals You probably know a few of them. Job content is what we actually do when we perform our job duties. But, if they have achievement needs, the job itself creates little motivation to perform. A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. Needs must be maintained (we must continue to eat occasionally). d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs? safety. They constantly ask how they are doing, sometimes to the point of being a nuisance. A reclusive accountant may not have been given the opportunity to demonstrate their need for achievement because they never received challenging assignments. Self-determination theory (SDT) seeks to explain not only what causes motivation, but also how extrinsic rewards affect intrinsic motivation.17 In SDT, extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain some valued outcome, while intrinsic motivation refers to performing an activity for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals b.) d.) self-actualization d) working conditions. a) distributive justice Question 17:- Managerial implications for the SDT theory include: a) to motivate high performance for uninteresting jobs make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. So, high-nAff employees will be especially motivated to perform well if others depend on them. b) Equity e) organizational justice, ___________ is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy. d) Higher-order d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. More specifically, Herzberg believes these motivators lead to high performance (achievement), and the high performance itself leads to satisfaction. true. social, esteem, and self-actualization. Find (a) the final date on which the cash discount may be taken and (b) the amount necessary to pay the invoice in full if the cash discount is earned. 3. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? c) an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives During the process of refining and extending Maslows theory, Alderfer provided another need-based theory and a somewhat more useful perspective on motivation.12 Alderfers ERG theory compresses Maslows five need categories into three: existence, relatedness, and growth.13 In addition, ERG theory details the dynamics of an individuals movement between the need categories in a somewhat more detailed fashion than typically characterizes interpretations of Maslows work. a) achievement Then find the difference between the amount of savings interest and certificate of deposit interest. d. Appraisal of the empirical evidence for and against the selected theory for the case at hand. According to Orem each of the four constituent theories within the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory include all of the following,EXCEPT: ( Multiple Choice) Question 9. Skills-based math and English classes help develop reasoning skills, while textbook exercises ensure long-term mastery of each. They avoid both simple and impossible situations. One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. Why might concentrating on motivators give better results? e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. a) expectancy is high and instrumentality and valence are low To exclude, abandon, expel, or remain indifferent to an inferior object. a. Match each vocabulary term to its definition. a) Distributive justice Want to cite, share, or modify this book? There are not enough workers who feel personal satisfaction for having the cleanest floors in a building. Describe a content theory of motivation. Understand the content theories of motivation. Good pay by itself will only make the employee neutral toward work; to attain satisfaction, employees need challenging job duties that result in a sense of achievement. David C. McClelland and his associates (especially John W. Atkinson) built on the work of Murray for over 50 years. Multiple Choice Quiz. The unconscious is extremely difficult to study. In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. d) The research can only be replicated with the original method. d) an employee's responsibility to request that their managers develop need profiles required for success in different jobs The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. To vindicate the ego. Exhibit 14.6 shows how Maslows theory relates to factors that organizations can influence. e.) Inducement. insight therapies a. But not all companies battle such low engagement rates. d. A disaster may have a known and gradual onset Disasters frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT a. These factors are so frequently associated with dissatisfaction that Herzberg claims they never really provide satisfaction. Concept related to Betty Neuman's System Model of Nursing is: A. Which of the following theory has used "General Systems Theory" as a framework for its development? An overriding principle in this theory is that a persons attention (direction) and energy (intensity) will focus on satisfying the lowest-level need that is not currently satisfied. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals A high-nPow person may try to convince others to do things that are detrimental to the organization. In response, the two entrepreneurs launched a line of socks that not only reinvents the sock (they claim), but also helps those in need. We recommend using a The Promotion contains a game of chance . 36. Herzberg also refers to these factors as dissatisfiers because they are frequently associated with dissatisfied employees. b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. According to this perspective, the manager's job is to identify what people need and then to make sure that the work environment becomes a means of satisfying these needs. The individual level does not impact the group level. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? SDT theory has interesting implications for the management of organizational behavior. C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others . The theories then discuss motivation in terms of filling these needs. Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. d) Social and esteem c) internalized negative inequity Many companies are successfully motivating their staff, and working toward more sustainable practices, while improving lives directly. e.) growth, The ERG theory contends that __________. 1999-2023, Rice University. The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________. That is, we lose interest in the higher-level needs when lower-order needs are energized. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. This doesnt mean that they avoid other people, or that they dislike others. http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. c) Two-factor theory b) improved working conditions But paying him more will not cause long-term satisfaction unless motivators are present. d) esteem. Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. c) affiliation 47. 51. According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are sources of job satisfaction and motivator factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. We are not born with a high (or low) need for achievementwe learn to need success (or failure). e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. Management theories include methods and practices that companies follow to manage their employees and maintain good employee relations effectively. d) Goal setting All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: a) felt negative inequity On the other hand, SDT would suggest that to enhance intrinsic motivation on jobs that are interesting, dont focus only on increasing extrinsic rewards (like large pay bonuses). e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. c) top-down goals. e) relatedness, According to McClelland, someone with a high need for _________ is drawn to interpersonal relationships and opportunities for communication. d) working conditions. Skip to document . They should then address the much more powerful motivator needs, in which workers experience recognition, responsibility, achievement, and growth. 50. To master or make up for a failure by restriving. Second, once we have satisfied a need, it ceases to motivate us. Q9 - Rational choice theories developed in the midst of social events that included all of the following EXCEPT: The Drug War. Maslow's social needs tend to be more important in more collectivist societies like Mexico, thereby challenging the structured approach to the pyramid across cultures. Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are on different scales in his view. Which of the following statements about goal setting is INCORRECT? A motive is a source of motivation; it is the need that a person is attempting to satisfy. b) Motivator factors include a sense of achievement, recognition, and responsibility. 60. Organizational behavior researchers, however, are not as enamored with it because research results dont support Maslows hierarchical notion. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. __________ is classified as a process theory. McClellands other power seeker is the social power seeker. Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. When we sense that we are valuable contributors, are achieving something important, or are getting better at some skill, we like this feeling and strive to maintain it. Biology questions and answers. ) Why or why not? c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. esteem, social, and To be seen and heard. c) instrumentality To surrender. b) valence e) The theory fails and does not clearly categorize salary. High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT: a) All living things are composed of cells. c) an employee's responsibility to teach their managers of personal need profiles required for success in different jobs To ask or answer general questions. d) Self-actualization (Credit: Stefan Chow/ flickr/ Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0)), https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/principles-management/pages/14-2-content-theories-of-motivation, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy Identify situational conditions. the amount of effort a person puts forth. Companies benefit from reduced waste and increased employee engagement. On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. financial assets include all of the following, except? b) Equity, reinforcers, and goals Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. Previously, most organizations attended primarily to hygiene factors. To get free, shake off restraint, break out of confinement. The genetic theory of aging states that lifespan is largely determined by the genes we inherit. b) instrumentalities 48. Or she may not be in the proper environment to solicit behaviors to satisfy the need. In fact, around the 1920s, some 6,000 human needs had been identified by behavioral scientists! Process theories of motivation attempt to explain this aspect of motivation by focusing on the intensity of motivation as well as its direction. 66. e) ERG, 68. Champions for the effort must be found throughout the organization, not just at the top. token economy i. a) Acquired needs theory nondirectivec. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like All of the following are reasons to examine criminological theories of crime EXCEPT ______., A criminal justice professional who does not understand criminal justice research is comparable to a ______., Criminological theories are all of the following EXCEPT ______. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. Genetic Theory of Aging. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site e) the consequences of an individual's behavior, b) the amount of effort a person puts forth. The need for affiliation contributes to managerial success only in those situations where the maintenance of warm group relations is as important as getting others to work toward group goals. Unilever employees more than 170,000 workers globally and has an employ engagement level around 80 percent. SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. To influence or direct the behavior of others by suggestion, seduction, persuasion, or command. According to Maslow, when lower-level needs are reactivated, we once again concentrate on that need. High need for achievement can also be important, but it sometimes results in too much concern for personal success and not enough for the employers success. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth b. In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. existence ERG also focuses attention explicitly on movement through the set of needs in both directions. Why is this? a) ERG theory Performing well on this job wont satisfy their need to be around other people. Such actions enhance intrinsic rewards. High-nPow people do have effective employee behaviors, but at times theyre disruptive. (Points : 1) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. a) How a person will respond to types of leadership direction They accept credit for success and blame for failure. McClelland describes three major characteristics of high-nAch people: Why is nAch important to organizational behavior? Question 1 All of the following are criticisms of Freud's theory EXCEPT: Answers: Selected Answer: c. He relied on correlational methods. b) It fails to help explain any cross-cultural management situations. Content theories explain work motivation in terms of what arouses, energizes, or initiates employee behavior. 1 . e) Motivation = expectancy + rewards + valence, a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence, The expectancy theory of motivation predicts that a person will be motivated to work hard when __________. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job dissatisfaction EXCEPT: b) changing the outcomes received. e) ERG theory, 65. Manifest needs theory laid the groundwork for later theories, most notably McClellands learned needs theory, that have greatly influenced the study of organizational behavior. Herzberg argued that there are two sets of needs, instead of the five sets theorized by Maslow. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. d) affiliation. a) Acquired needs theory a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. d) the order of needs in the hierarchy may differ across cultures. Pump I is a small pump; Pump 2 is a larger pump that costs more, will produce slightly more oil, and will produce it more rapidly. Lastly, the aspiration component of the ERG model notes that, by its very nature, growth is intrinsically satisfying. To accomplish something difficult. How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior. They feel personally responsible for completing whatever tasks they are assigned. 35. e. Carl Jung. the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy. stick to one leadership style. Once those needs have been satisfied, the next level, social needs, become energized. b) Higher-order needs become less important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. The theory posits that to maximize employee motivation, employers must try to guide workers to the upper parts of the hierarchy. In the two-factor theory of motivation, __________ are associated with the job context, such as working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. The Anti-Immigration Protests. d.) esteem and physiological. This need is oriented toward fulfilling responsibilities to the employer, not to the self. They want others to respond to their wishes whether or not it is good for the organization. Think of this in terms of hobbies. contingency contracting f. Therapies that strive to help clients understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence As you would expect, high-nAff people are very sociable. a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. The uncollectible percentage is 5.5%. a. deterrence theory b. routine activities theory c. social disorganization theory d. neurological theory, Examples of informal sanctions include the following EXCEPT ______. Watson's carative factors include all the following, EXCEPT: A. Whatever their perspective, most people have a cause that they are passionate about. A kind of mirroring of clients' statements. So what motivates employees to give their all, work creatively, and be fully engaged? According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. If not, Murray calls this a latent need. Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? a) Individualistic The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. AC78.6 ac midterm examinations theories. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. Henry A. Murray recognized this problem and condensed the list into a few instinctive and learned needs.3 Instincts, which Murray called primary needs, include physiological needs for food, water, sex (procreation), urination, and so on. As a result, they perform better in jobs that require teamwork. The cell membrane is composed. To avoid humiliation. If the MARR is 20%, which pump should be selected? c) Its essence is that perceived inequity is a motivating state. e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. d) specific goals lead to lower performance They include such needs as the need for achievement, for love, and for affiliation (see Table 14.1).4. a) Acquired needs b c) sense of responsibility. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)b. a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals To feed, help, support, console, protect, comfort, nurse, heal. When we are hungry, for example, our need for food has been energized.